夏季城市景观格局对热场空间分布的影响——以武汉为例

城市热岛效应是城市生态环境状况的综合体现，探讨城市景观格局对热场空间分布的影响机制对于优化城市空间布局、提升城市生态环境质量有着重要意义。选用2016年7月23日Landsat8遥感影像进行武汉主城区景观类型划分和地表温度反演，从斑块、斑块类型、景观水平3个级别选取所有常见景观指数表征城市景观格局特征；按3 km×3 km大小的网格将武汉市主城区进行格网划分，构建格网内各景观格局指数与地表温度的关系，并进行主成分综合回归分析，探讨城市景观格局影响夏季热场空间分布的主要特征。结果表明：（1）76%的景观指数与地表温度的线性关系在0.01的置信水平是显著的，但各景观指数之间相关性较强，信息交叉重叠严重。（2）在所有景观指数中，对地表温度影响最大的依次是水体斑块类型面积（CA_W）、建设用地斑块类型所占景观面积比例（PLAND_C）、绿地类型核心斑块占景观面积比（CPLAND_G）、绿地类型相似度均值（SIMI_MN_G）及绿地类型邻近指标均值（PROX_MN_G）。（3）当其他因素不变时，格网内建设用地每增加10%，地表温度上升1.0℃；水体面积每增加10 hm，地表温度下降0.2℃；绿地核心面积比例每增加10%，可降温1.0℃；相似度均值和邻近度均值每增加0.1，可降温0.09和0.08℃。 关键词： 景观格局；热场；格网化；多因子；热岛效应     

The choice of system boundaries for effective long-term management of phosphorus

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Material flow analysis (MFA) is a well-established tool for supporting decisions on nutrient management. This paper shows the importance of the...     

煤制乙二醇废水预处理装置的工业化调试

针对煤制乙二醇废水含高浓度硝酸盐氮的特点,设计了缺氧膨胀床(AEB)反应器预处理装置,并进行了工业化启动和调试运行,考察了其在反硝化连续流运行条件下的处理效果及工艺参数变化。结果表明,AEB反应器启动后,填料层生物膜挂膜快速且生长稳定。反应器在工业化调试阶段运行稳定,COD和TN的去除率和去除负荷较为稳定。在受到来水冲击后,AEB反应器处理效果稳定,出水可在短期内恢复正常。该技术的系统操控参数范围较广,易于工业化操控运行,在煤制乙二醇废水和其他含高浓度硝酸盐氮废水的处理中具有较大的推广价值。     

COVID-19 effects on municipality waste collection services for households: statistical modelling of perspectives from Guyana and Nigeria

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The novel COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the functioning of solid waste management globally as households experience an increase in their waste...     

Quantifying the impact of vegetation-based metrics on species persistence when choosing offsets for habitat destruction

Developers are often required by law to offset environmental impacts through targeted conservation actions. Most offset policies specify metrics for calculating offset requirements, usually by assessing vegetation condition. Despite widespread use, there is little evidence to support the effectiveness of vegetation-based metrics for ensuring biodiversity persistence. We compared long-term impacts of biodiversity offsetting based on area only; vegetation condition only; area × habitat suitability; and condition × habitat suitability in development and restoration simulations for the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. We simulated development and subsequent offsetting through restoration within a virtual landscape, linking simulations to population viability models for 3 species. Habitat gains did not ensure species persistence. No net loss was achieved when performance of offsetting was assessed in terms of amount of habitat restored, but not when outcomes were assessed in terms of persistence. Maintenance of persistence occurred more often when impacts were avoided, giving further support to better enforce the avoidance stage of the mitigation hierarchy. When development affected areas of high habitat quality for species, persistence could not be guaranteed. Therefore, species must be more explicitly accounted for in offsets, rather than just vegetation or habitat alone. Declines due to a failure to account directly for species population dynamics and connectivity overshadowed the benefits delivered by producing large areas of high-quality habitat. Our modeling framework showed that the benefits delivered by offsets are species specific and that simple vegetation-based metrics can give misguided impressions on how well biodiversity offsets achieve no net loss.